Liquid-Based Single-Cell Diagnostic Systems: Translational Research and Clinical Applications

Liquid-based single-cell diagnostic systems are rapidly advancing the landscape of precision medicine.Integrating microfluidic cell isolation, high-content imaging cytometry, and single-cell sequencing enables highly sensitive and non-invasive detection of rare cellular populations (including circulating tumor cells and immune subsets) from patient biofluids.This approach provides a comprehensive view of cellular heterogeneity, supporting early cancer detection, minimal residual disease monitoring, and immune profiling.Compared to traditional biopsies, liquid-based single-cell analysis offers repeatable sampling and deeper molecular insights with less patient risk.Recent progress in artificial intelligence and multi-omics is enhancing the power and scalability of these technologies, while miniaturized point-of-care systems are making them increasingly accessible.Despite these advances, further work is needed to optimize cell enrichment strategies, data analysis pipelines, and clinical workflow integration.Ultimately, these innovations are expected to establish liquid-based single-cell diagnostics as a standard tool for personalized disease monitoring and therapeutic decision-making across a broad spectrum of clinical applications.