Recent advances in Helicobacter pylori diagnosis, treatment, and management: a comprehensive review

This review explores recent advancements in the management of Helicobacter pylori infection, a widespread bacterial pathogen associated with various gastrointestinal disorders. The paper discusses improved diagnostic techniques, including molecular methods and non-invasive tests, which have enhanced detection accuracy and antibiotic resistance profiling. New treatment strategies, such as individualized therapy based on antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) and the use of probiotics as adjunctive therapy, are examined. The review also addresses the challenges of antibiotic resistance, highlighting the importance of surveillance and monitoring strategies. Novel antibiotic combinations and non-antibiotic therapies, including antibiofilm agents, are presented as potential solutions. The paper concludes by discussing post-treatment follow-up, management of persistent infections, and considerations for special patient populations. Future directions in Helicobacter pylori management, including emerging technologies and global eradication efforts, are briefly outlined.