Civilian mass exposure to hydrazine after an F-16 crash: a retrospective descriptive study

This study provides one of the most extensive civilian datasets on acute hydrazine exposure. Findings highlight a strong dose-time relationship and route-specific patterns, with exposures > 5 min associated with clinically significant toxicity. While thresholds remain hypothesis-generating, all patients recovered rapidly with supportive care. Operational lessons include the need for rapid evacuation, immediate decontamination, and strict use of personal protective equipment, offering practical insights for toxicology practice and disaster preparedness.