Simulation and experimental study of typical liner materials for shape charge jet forming

The objective of this study is to examine the forming performance of various material liners and improve the structure of shape charges. This paper employs numerical simulations to investigate the shape charge jet (SCJ) characteristics of three materials: TC21, AL-6XN steel, known as high nitrogen steel (HNS), and a Cu liner as a control group. A specific shape charge structure was selected for SCJ forming and penetration tests. Simulations were conducted using the Johnson-Cook model and equations of state for all three materials, which were then compared with those of the copper liner. The morphology of the SCJ for each material was analyzed in detail, focusing on parameters such as head velocity, length, and diameter. To further assess SCJ’s destructive capability, a 3D model was created to simulate two material jets penetrating C35 concrete. Test results were compared with simulation outcomes. Findings revealed that the Cu jet had the lowest velocity, followed by HNS; TC21 exhibited the highest velocity. During forming, TC21 and HNS jets showed poor cohesion leading to radial dispersion. The Cu jet penetrated deeper into concrete while TC21 produced a larger opening diameter. Experimental results aligned well with simulations, validating both methodology and findings.