Preparation, Modification, and Application of Graphitic Carbon Nitride in Photocatalytic Degradation of Antibiotics

This review addresses the environmental and health risks caused by antibiotic abuse, focusing on the inefficiency of traditional treatment methods and their tendency to cause secondary pollution, as well as the limitations of g-C3N4 in photocatalytic antibiotic degradation, such as insufficient visible light utilization and high carrier recombination rates. It systematically summarizes modification strategies and application advances of g-C3N4. Compared with previous reviews on carbon nitride, this work distinguishes itself by precisely targeting the cutting-edge application scenario of antibiotic-specific degradation, providing an in-depth analysis of how precursor selection and preparation methods regulate material properties, and emphasizing the role of modification approaches—including crystal optimization, element doping, surface modification, and heterojunction construction—in enhancing catalytic efficiency. It offers targeted and forward-looking insights for the practical application of this material in controlling antibiotic pollution in complex water environments.