The Mechanisms of Angiogenesis and Apoptosis During the Functional Formation and Regression of the Corpus Luteum in the Ovarian Reproductive Endocrine System

The ovarian corpus luteum has functional mechanisms for formation and regression in the reproductive endocrine system. The main functional events of the corpus luteum are angiogenesis and apoptosis mechanisms. The development of the corpus luteum involves homogeneous physiological mechanisms, including cellular functions and reproductive hormones. Angiogenesis is controlled by pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors. The microenvironment involves various signaling molecules and pathways that may play a potential role in angiogenic response during corpus luteum growth. In luteolysis, the corpus luteum undergoes degeneration, notably induced by reproductive hormones that promote programmed cell death in luteal cells through the apoptosis mechanism. In this sudy, we discuss the mechanisms and functional roles of angiogenesis and apoptosis in the endocrine microenvironment during corpus luteum formation and regression, based on the interrelationship of physiological events in the ovary.