The ATTO-Campina site: A new observatory for tropical convection and gas-aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions in the Amazon
Abstract We present results from ATTO-Campina, a new permanent observational site in central Amazon, about 4 km from the ATTO towers. Operational since 2020, ATTO-Campina characterizes atmospheric, cloud and rainfall properties through remote sensing. The goal is to provide continuous, complementary measurements to the ATTO towers, addressing the rainforest’s complex gas-aerosol-cloud-precipitation dynamics. Using a 3.5-year dataset, we classified convective clouds into three types: shallow cumulus ( ShCu ), congestus ( Con ) or ( Deep ) clouds. The shallow-to-deep transition takes about three hours, starting with ShCu formation at 11:00 local time. The accumulated rainfall peak follows at about 16:00. Only weak downdrafts are present in the upper troposphere where previous studies indicate new particle formation (NPF) occurrence. Strong downdrafts are mostly limited to heights below 5 km. Con and Deep convective days have higher concentrations of ultrafine aerosol and lower concentrations of accumulation-mode particles compared to ShCu . Convective clouds also significantly modify gas mixing ratios. Deep convective clouds are associated with high near-surface O 3 , consistent with downward transport from the midtroposphere. Our results showcase the added detail achieved by integrating data from the ATTO towers and ATTO-Campina sites. Together, these sites support better understanding of interconnected gas-aerosol-cloud-precipitation processes in the Amazon and their evolution under climate change.
Authors
- Arturo Balderas Torres (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8445-0759)
- Philipp Faulhammer
- M. Conde (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4924-878X)
- Susan Trumbore (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3885-6202)
- Rachel I. Albrecht (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0582-6568)
- Patric Seifert (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5626-3761)
- Micael A. Cecchini (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0219-2857)
- Christopher R. Williams (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9394-8850)
- Subha S. Raj (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0484-6663)
- Alan J. P. Calheiros (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6408-3410)
- Cybelli G. G. Barbosa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6156-8749)
- Hartwig Harder (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6868-714X)
- Anywhere Tsokankunku (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0023-7687)
- Flávio C. Magina
- Mira L. Pöhlker (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6852-0756)
- Bettina Weber
- Cléo Quaresma Dias‐Júnior (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4783-4689)
- Jordi Vilà-Guerau De Arellano (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0342-9171)
- Jos Lelieveld (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6307-3846)
- J. Kesselmeier (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4446-534X)
- Ivan Saraiva (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0582-8531)
- Gholamhossein Bagheri (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3707-4754)
- Scott Edward Giangrande (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8119-8199)
- A. Massafferri (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3264-3401)
- Rafael Delmond Bueno (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9462-1267)
- J. Christine Chiu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8951-6913)
- Luiz A. T. Machado (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8243-1706)
- Thiago Biscaro (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2338-3871)
- Eberhard Bodenschatz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2901-0144)
- Fernando G. Morais (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7207-4450)
- Ulrich Pöschl (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1412-3557)
- Marco A. Franco (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2279-7722)
- Carolina Monteiro (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5131-2440)
- André C. Pugliesi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9424-8829)
- Jonathan Williams
- Maria Isabel D. Rossi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3432-8453)
- Luiz Fernando Sapucci (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8420-8033)
- Rodrigo Augusto Ferreira De Souza (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0838-3723)
- Meinrat O. Andreae (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1968-7925)
- Dirceu Luís Herdies (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2872-8453)
- Edio da Costa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2432-2691)
- Laura Brito
- Santiago Botía (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5447-3968)
- Hella van Asperen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9639-4547)
- Sam P. Jones (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6815-1601)
- Gabriela R. Unfer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8727-2831)
- Stefan Herdy
- Guido G. Haytzmann
- Wanda I. D. Valenti (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0868-0462)
- Dina Silva (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3863-4098)
- Caio Henrique Santos Lopes
- Carla Maria Alves Souza
- Carlos A. Quesada
- Friederike Lipken
- Ferreira Silva
- Luciana V. Rizzo
- L.M. Camargo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7315-2273)
- Bruno Takeshi
- Henrique M. J. Barbosa
- Christopher Pöhlker (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6958-425X)
- Tabata L. B. de Macêdo
- Gabriel G. Balestra
- Amábile S. Bighetto
- Marina C. S. Neofiti
- Puig B. Raidiel
Institutions
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography (US)
- University of Graz (AT)
- Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (BR)
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (US)
- King Saud University (SA)
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará (BR)
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (DE)
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (DE)
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (BR)
- Proteca (Brazil) (BR)
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde (BR)
- Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (BR)
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (DE)
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County (US)
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (BR)
- Wageningen University & Research (NL)
- Colorado State University (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
- Published
- 2025-10-21
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-24-0092.1
- Primary Topic
- Environmental and biological studies
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00