Modeling the Future: Next-generation batteries and evaluation of Hybrid Energy Storage Systems with Physics-Based Models

This paper presents a simulation-based analysis of a Hybrid Battery Energy Storage System (HBESS) that combines a commercial nickel manganese cobalt (NMC811) cell with a next-generation cell featuring Silicon-Graphite (SiGr) and lithium nickel manganese oxide (LNMO) electrodes. Using two Pseudo Two-Dimensional (P2D) physics-based models, one for each cell in the HBESS, the system’s performance and degradation are evaluated. The work begins by outlining the current Lithium-Ion Battery (LIB) landscape and emphasizing emerging chemistries. The methodology used to calibrate the P2D model of the LNMO–SiGr cell is also described and validated against experimental full-cell data. A real-world stationary energy storage scenario is simulated to assess the benefits of hybridization. The proposed HBESS architecture reduces the cobalt content of the battery and mitigates degradation risks associated with silicon expansion by operating the LNMO–SiGr cell within a controlled 80–20% State of Charge (SOC) window. The NMC811 cell manages the system’s base load, ensuring stability, while the LNMO–SiGr cell provides supplementary energy during peak demands. This hybrid approach has the potential to enhance system durability, sustainability, and overall performance by leveraging the strengths of different lithium-ion chemistries.