LiDAR data visualization techniques for archaeological research. The case study of the medieval site of Torre Palazzo (Benevento, Italy)

LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) technology offers a non-invasive approach to remote sensing, crucial in archaeological studies. This article explores its application in investigating medieval castle settlements, in a hilly site covered by vegetation. Using LiDAR carried out by the Italian Ministry of the Environment (MATTM) the study aims to enhance visibility and interpret archaeological features through filtering, classification and visualization algorithms. Additionally, it evaluates the historicaltopographicpotential of LiDAR data obtained via aerial surveys (Airborne Laser Scanning - ALS). Results demonstrate the effectiveness of this type of data in detecting microtopographical features, aiding in the interpretation of archaeological elements. However, limitations in spatial resolution pose challenges, particularly for smaller archaeological remains. Nonetheless, the study showcases the extraction of key features of the medieval site of Torre Palazzo, illustrating LiDAR’s utility in reconstructing structures and identifying constituent elements.