Geopolitical Roots and Branches: Identity Label Preferences Among People of African Descent in the United States

ABSTRACT In the United States, people of African descent have historically used different labels to express their collective racial identities. Scholars have traced these historical changes over time, which have shifted for various reasons, across different political and social movements, and with changing group dynamics. The purpose of this study was to examine contemporary racial identity label preferences among people of African descent living in the United States and explore the geopolitical roots and branches of those choices. In this study, an online sample of 451 people of African descent completed a survey about their racial identity label preferences and why they selected those labels. We hypothesized that selecting one's racial label for geopolitical reasons (vs. external or accuracy reasons) would predict how people of African descent see themselves (i.e., in terms of race and ancestry), how they perceive the world (i.e., perceptions of American racism), and how they act in the world (i.e., political activism). Overall, selecting one's racial identity label preference for geopolitical reasons was a consistent predictor of our outcomes.