Dynamical behavior of optical solitons propagation in coupled NLS equations

Abstract This study explores the dynamical behavior of optical solitons propagation in coupled nonlinear Schrödinger (CNLS) system, which present as a fundamental model for illustrating nonlinear wave interactions in optical fibers, communication networks, and diverse physical systems. The CNLS system captures the complex interplay between multiple wave interactions, making it important for understanding signal stability and energy transfer in nonlinear media. To attain analytical solutions, we utilize the ( G ′ G , 1 G ) $\left (\frac{G'}{G}, \frac{1}{G}\right )$ -expansion method, which yields a diverse range of exact soliton solutions, including bright, dark, periodic, periodic-lump, trigonometric, and exponential types. These solitons exhibit stable wave structures that keep their shape and amplitude during propagation. This is a vital property in optical fiber technology and long-distance signal transmission. The nature of the attained solutions is demonstrated through comprehensive graphical illustration, including 3D surfaces, 2D plots, and contour diagrams. Moreover, the effect of the wave phase on soliton structures is examined using multiple 2D line profiles. These analytical solutions, specifically the optical solitons, offer valuable insights for exploring nonlinear effects in signal processing and optical fiber communication systems.