The oncogenic role of miR-155 on oral cancer progression and treatment strategies

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent and aggressive malignancy within head and neck cancers, often associated with risk factors such as tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and HPV infection. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs that inhibit target genes, are a promising new focus as biomarkers or therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. miR-155 has emerged as a significant regulator in various cancers, including OSCC, where its altered expression is linked to tumor initiation, progression, and resistance to treatment. miR-155 is a well-studied miRNA that has an oncogenic role in several solid tumors, including oral cancer. Studies suggest that miR-155 modulates key cellular processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, and immune response, making it a promising biomarker and potential therapeutic target. Investigating the mechanisms through which miR-155 drives OSCC progression could pave the way for enhanced diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, addressing essential needs in managing this aggressive cancer type. The present paper highlights the oncogenic role of miR-155 in oral cancers, summarizing recent advancements in therapeutically targeting this transcript, including preclinical testing of miR-155 inhibitors. This approach offers a promising new avenue for treating drug-resistant oral cancer.