Clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of local anesthetic systemic toxicity: a 10-year retrospective study

In our study, the presence of hypotension, coma, and cardiac arrest at presentation and intravenous administration of local anesthetic was strongly associated with severe outcomes and increased mortality. Although intravenous lipid emulsion therapy has shown clinical efficacy, delayed access to this treatment remains a considerable barrier, particularly in rural or resource-limited settings.