Breakfast frequency, lifestyle-related factors and their association with body weight status among Polish primary school children aged 10 to 12 years: results from a nationwide cross-sectional study

Daily frequency of breakfast consumption was associated with more favourable anthropometric outcomes and lower odds of excessive body weight. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle - incorporating physical activity, optimal sleep duration, limited screen time, and shared meals at school and with family - plays an important role in supporting overall health and weight management in school-aged children. Educational and intervention programmes aimed at preventing or treating obesity in schoolchildren should prioritise regular breakfast consumption alongside other lifestyle-related factors.