Solar flare classes and interplanetary type II bursts dependence of solar cycles 23-25

This study shows the correlation of 705 interplanetary (IP) type II radio bursts detected during the solar cycle (SC) 23, 24, and ascending phase of SC 25 with sunspot number (SSN) and number of flares by class. The results show that 675 (96%) of these bursts were associated with coronal mass ejections (CMEs), while the remaining 30 (4%) were not associated with CMEs. The total number of IP type II bursts was caused by B-class (5), C-class (138), M-class (275), and X-class (124) solar flares, and among them, M- class (51%) flares dominated. We examined the relationship between IP type II bursts and SSN during the ascending phase of all three SCs and found a high correlation between them (correlation coefficients 0.91, 0.98, 0.99, respectively). We found the correlation of the number of IP type II bursts with the number of C, M, and X solar flares, and found that M-class flares showed a strong correlation with IP type II bursts (correlation coefficients 0.76, 0.93, and 0.72, respectively).