Development and Validation of the Japanese Version of the Triarchic Model of Grit Scale

Grit—originally conceptualized as perseverance of effort and consistency of interest—is a trait that predicts success. However, prior research has identified problems with existing grit scales, particularly in East Asian countries. The Triarchic Model of Grit Scale (TMGS), which adds a new dimension called adaptability to the situation—reflecting the capacity to modify goal-directed pathways and features to pursue distant goals—has shown good reliability and validity in Asian contexts. We conducted two studies to develop a Japanese version of the TMGS and assess its psychometric properties. In Study 1, we translated the TMGS and conducted an online survey ( N = 326). Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the scores from a three-factor structure had good structural validity and internal consistency. In Study 2, university students ( N = 142) completed the scale to examine criterion-related and incremental validities. Perseverance positively predicted stress, while consistency and adaptability showed negative associations. Findings support the structural validity, internal consistency, and criterion-related validity of the Japanese version of the TMGS.