TRAPUM search for pulsars in supernova remnants and pulsar wind nebulae – II. Survey analysis and population study

ABSTRACT We present the second and final set of TRAPUM searches for pulsars at 1284 MHz inside supernova remnants and pulsar wind nebulae with the MeerKAT telescope. No new pulsars were detected for any of the 80 targets, which include some unidentified TeV sources that could be pulsar wind nebulae. The mean upper limit on the flux density of undetected pulsars is 52 $\mu$Jy, which includes the average sensitivity loss across the coherent beam tiling pattern. This survey is the largest and most sensitive multitarget campaign of its kind. We explore the selection effects that precluded discoveries by testing the parameters of the survey iteratively against many simulated populations of young pulsars in supernova remnants. For the synthetic pulsars that were undetected, we find evidence that, after beaming effects are accounted for, about 45 per cent of pulsars are too faint, 30 per cent are too smeared by scattering, and a further 25 per cent have a modelled projected location, which places them outside their supernova remnant. The simulations are repeated for the S1 subband of the MeerKAT S-band receivers, resulting in a 50–150 per cent increase in the number of discoveries compared to L band depending on the flux density limit achieved. Therefore, higher frequency searches that can also achieve improved flux density limits are the best hope for future targeted searches. We also report updated properties for the two previous discoveries, including a polarimetry study of PSR J1831–0941 finding a rotation measure of 401 $\pm$ 1 rad m$^{-2}$.

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Journal
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Published
2025-10-20
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf1813
Primary Topic
Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research
Type
article
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article

TRAPUM search for pulsars in supernova remnants and pulsar wind nebulae – II. Survey analysis and population study

A. Ridolfi, L. Levin, E D Barr, J. Behrend et al.
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research
article

TRAPUM search for pulsars in supernova remnants and pulsar wind nebulae – II. Survey analysis and population study

A. Ridolfi, L. Levin, E D Barr, J. Behrend, T Thongmeearkom, P. Weltevrede, Yunpeng Men, P V Padmanabh, John D. Turner, M. Kramer, E. F. Keane, Miquel Colom i Bernadich, Vanessa Graber, B. W. Stappers, C. Pardo-Araujo, M. Burgay, M. J. Keith, W Chen, J Tian
article en

Abstract

ABSTRACT We present the second and final set of TRAPUM searches for pulsars at 1284 MHz inside supernova remnants and pulsar wind nebulae with the MeerKAT telescope. No new pulsars were detected for any of the 80 targets, which include some unidentified TeV sources that could be pulsar wind nebulae. The mean upper limit on the flux density of undetected pulsars is 52 $\mu$Jy, which includes the average sensitivity loss across the coherent beam tiling pattern. This survey is the largest and most sensitive multitarget campaign of its kind. We explore the selection effects that precluded discoveries by testing the parameters of the survey iteratively against many simulated populations of young pulsars in supernova remnants. For the synthetic pulsars that were undetected, we find evidence that, after beaming effects are accounted for, about 45 per cent of pulsars are too faint, 30 per cent are too smeared by scattering, and a further 25 per cent have a modelled projected location, which places them outside their supernova remnant. The simulations are repeated for the S1 subband of the MeerKAT S-band receivers, resulting in a 50–150 per cent increase in the number of discoveries compared to L band depending on the flux density limit achieved. Therefore, higher frequency searches that can also achieve improved flux density limits are the best hope for future targeted searches. We also report updated properties for the two previous discoveries, including a polarimetry study of PSR J1831–0941 finding a rotation measure of 401 $\pm$ 1 rad m$^{-2}$.

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical SocietyVol. 544(1)
Leibniz University Hannover (DE), Royal Holloway University of London (GB), Bielefeld University (DE), Trinity College (CA), Trinity College Dublin (IE), University of Manchester (GB), Institute of Space Sciences (ES), Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (DE), Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari (IT), Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy (DE), National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand (TH)
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Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research
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