Morphometric analysis of the foramen rotundum using multidetector computed tomography method

Background: The foramen rotundum is a circular opening located in the greater wing of the sphenoid bone. Therefore, the position and anatomical variations of the foramen rotundum are particularly significant in endoscopic endonasal approaches. Endoscopic surgery has emerged as a significant development in the field of otorhinolaryngology in recent years. In our study, we aimed to analyze the anatomical location of the foramen rotundum and its relationship with the Vidian canal. Materials and Methods: The study was performed using head computed tomography images of 100 patients (50 female and 50 male, age range: 20–65) who presented at the department of radiology between 2010 and 2022. Results: Radiological studies are also an essential tool for evaluating nerve compressions. Particularly, a narrow foramen rotundum may lead to trigeminal nerve compression, potentially resulting in trigeminal neuralgia. Studies have indicated that the right foramen rotundum is narrower than the left foramen rotundum, which may explain the higher prevalence of trigeminal neuralgia on the right side. Some studies suggest that trigeminal neuralgia may be caused not only by anatomical factors but also by vascular structures. Conclusions: Radiological and anatomical studies can provide guidance for the surgical treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. Future research should aim to analyze the effects of these structures on trigeminal neuralgia more comprehensively and focus on developing improved treatment approaches.