Development of algebraic expressions e-modules through realistic mathematics education approach

Students often struggle with algebraic expressions due to the abstract nature of mathematical symbols. The Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) approach offers an alternative to help students solve these problems. This study aimed to develop a valid, practical, and effective e-module based on the RME approach, incorporating video triggers, live worksheets, learning trajectories, and assessments for teaching algebraic expressions. The research followed Plomp’s development models, including preliminary, prototyping, and assessment phases, with two groups of students (control and experimental). The results showed that the e-module was valid, receiving average scores of 4.68 and 4.8 from media and material experts, while the inter-rater reliability demonstrated substantial agreement (κ = 0.654), indicating a high level of consistency. The practicality of the e-module was demonstrated through teacher and student response questionnaires, which indicated that the RME-based e-module is practical for use in learning. The e-module’s effectiveness was evidenced by the learning outcomes, which showed a significant difference (p = 0.015, Cohen’s d = 0.65), indicating a moderately strong effect on student learning outcomes. These findings contribute to the advancement of digital mathematics learning resources and highlight the potential of RME-based interactive e-modules to enhance students’ understanding of algebraic expressions.