Spatial Optimization for Electric Vehicle Charging Station Locations Using A GIS-Based Approach: A Case Study from Minnesota, USA

Abstract. The rapid growth of electric vehicles (EVs) necessitates the strategic placement of charging stations to support widespread adoption and ensure sustainable transportation. This study employs Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and spatial optimization techniques to address the site selection problem for electric vehicle charging stations (EVCS) in the state of Minnesota, United States. Specifically, it investigates how many and where new EVCSs should be added to complement the existing network and meet demand. Unlike previous studies focusing on urban areas, this research conducts a statewide analysis, accounting for spatial variations in EVCS distribution by applying different coverage radii for metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas. The results indicate that the selected sites enhance coverage, particularly in metropolitan regions. This research provides transportation practitioners with an adaptable framework validated through a case study in Minnesota, offering valuable insights into GIS-based site selection methods for EVCS.