Versatile and Environmentally Sustainable Triboelectric Nanogenerator Utilizing Bio‐Ingorganic Hybrid Fibers for Low‐Frequency Energy Harvesting

ABSTRACT This study presents a versatile triboelectric nanogenerator composed of bio‐inorganic hybrid fibers, employing sodium alginate/silica (SA/SiO 2 ) wet‐spun fibers as the negative electrode triboelectric layer and thermoplastic polyurethane/silicon nitride (TPU/Si 3 N 4 ) electrospun nanofibers as the positive electrode triboelectric layer. This design seeks to overcome the primary shortcomings of conventional petroleum‐based triboelectric nanogenerators regarding environmental sustainability and mechanical–electrical stability. The optimized device attains superior electrical output when the positive electrode layer is doped with 1.0 wt% silicon nitride and the negative electrode layer with 2.0 wt% SiO 2 , attributed to the electret effect of SiO 2 particles. It produces a peak current of 0.025 μA and a voltage of 10 V under low‐frequency excitation, markedly enhancing the energy harvesting efficiency of biomimetic motion. The mechanical performance characterization indicates that the device attains a maximum fracture stress of 1.0 MPa and a strain of 98.65% at a SiO 2 doping concentration of 1.5 wt%. This device has been experimentally validated to exhibit commendable stability and is appropriate for incorporation into wearable fabrics, facilitating a sustainable power source for low‐power sensors. This study establishes a sustainable pathway for next‐gen self‐powered systems by synergistically integrating wet spinning and electrospinning with biodegradable materials, aiding in mitigating electronic waste pollution.