A Multidimensional Design for Dual Active Bridge Converters in Low-Voltage DC Systems

The dual-active-bridge (DAB) converter serves as a crucial galvanic isolating solution to provide dc grid-forming for dc elements in low-voltage direct-current (LVdc) systems. Key performance metrics such as efficiency, current stress, power density, and cost of DAB converter are chiefly subject to the optimal design of magnetic components and modulation strategies. However, existing DAB converter designs yield compromised solutions that optimize a limited subset of these metrics. This article develops a comprehensive analytical framework to characterize DAB converter operation across three key dimensions: 1) zero-voltage switching (ZVS) range; 2) power rating utilization; and 3) reactive power. To achieve a well-balanced design, a holistic optimization methodology is proposed, integrating multiobjective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) with triple phase-shift control. By optimally selecting the transformer turns ratio and product of switching frequency and series inductance, the proposed MOPSO approach can collectively or selectively improve these performance aspects, enabling tailored DAB converter designs to meet diverse performance objectives. Experimental validation on a 1-kW DAB converter prototype demonstrates enhanced ZVS capability, improved utilization of converter rating, reduced reactive power, and achieves a peak efficiency over 95.9%.