Physicochemical Properties of Argan Oil from Planted Trees in Doukkala: Towards Perspectives of Domestication

The argan tree (Argania spinosa L. Skeels) is endemic to southwestern Morocco. It holds significant socio-economic benefits through its fruits, particularly argan oil, which is highly sought after in the international market for its cosmetic and culinary properties. Its domestication will promote the sustainability of this species but also stimulate the local economy. Here, for the first time, we investigate the physicochemical properties of argan oil extracted from fruits of argan trees planted in the Doukkala region, which lies outside its endemic geographical range. The results demonstrate the successful domestication of the argan tree in this area, with the physicochemical properties of the oil being comparable to those from endemic trees in Essaouira. Both oils meet the quality standards of extra virgin oil, exhibiting similar values for acidity, peroxide index, and specific extinction. Fatty acid analysis, performed via gas chromatography (GC), revealed comparable profiles, predominantly featuring oleic and linoleic acids. This study highlights the success of the domestication of the argan tree in the Doukkala region, which will result in creating opportunities for economic and sustainable development in these areas.