Familial Mediterranean Fever: Unraveling its Causes, Clinical presentation, and Innovative Treatment Strategies

Auto-inflammatory disorders are recognized as significant in impacting the health of patients. The majority of auto-inflammatory disorders originate from hereditary abnormalities. One of the most significant auto-inflammatory disorders is familial Mediterranean fever which mostly affects populations originating from the Mediterranean region; particularly those of Sephardic Jewish, Armenian, Arab, and Turkish descent. Familial Mediterranean fever typically manifests in childhood due to genetic mutations mainly the MEFV gene. This gene encodes pyrin, which is essential in regulating inflammation. Defects in this particular gene may contribute to higher levels of inflammation, which in turn can cause recurrent episodes of pain and fever. Colchicine, NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines), and medications that target cytokines are the only options for therapy. Finding new remedies is one of the challenges confronting medical research. Therefore, it's critical to provide information on the clinical signs, etiology, available treatments, side effects, and diagnosis of this particular kind of congenital auto-inflammatory ailments. Furthermore, how variations in gender and genetics could impact the prevalence and course of familial Mediterranean fever.