Utility of fibroblast growth factor 21 as a novel marker in cases of idiopathic male infertility

Background: The male factor accounts for approximately 50% of infertility cases. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) has been implicated in the female reproduction, raising the possibility of its role in male fertility. Aim: To assess serum and seminal FGF21 levels in infertile men. Materials and methods: Participants were separated into two groups: infertile men (n=60) and normally fertile men (n=60). They were subjected to a history and genital examination. The laboratory tests included serum total testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and standard sperm analysis. FGF-21 levels in serum and sperm were determined using the ELISA method. Results: The mean duration of infertility in patients was 4.3 ± 2.7years. Patients had significantly reduced levels of FGF21 in sperm and serum compared to controls (P value < 0.001). FGF21 levels were considerably lower in semen than serum in both groups (P value < 0.001). Serum and seminal FGF21 levels showed a substantial correlation with sperm concentration, motility, and morphology (P value < 0.001). Conclusion: FGF-21 could have an imoportant role in the pathophysiology of idiopathic male infertility.