Cultivating grit among college students: a comparative study between traditional physical education and outdoor education

The findings demonstrate that both traditional physical education and outdoor education positively impact on grit of college students, with outdoor education being more effective than traditional physical education in cultivating grit among college students. However, to effectively enhance resilience of college students, traditional physical education need to focus on improving the interest consistency dimension, with a particularly emphasis on increasing persistence and effort dimension within outdoor education for male students.