The consequences and theoretical explanation of workplace AI on employees: a systematic literature review

Abstract In the digital and intelligent era, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in the workplace presents both numerous opportunities and challenges for employees. The complex interactions between AI technologies and employees necessitate a comprehensive understanding of how workplace AI implementation affects employee outcomes. This study analyzes publication trends in the related literature, identifying key publishing journals and research hotspots in this emerging field. Building on this foundation, we synthesize representative concepts and measures related to workplace AI, and explore its effects on employees through four theoretical perspectives: resource, stress, cognitive, and motivational perspectives. Additionally, we outline the moderating mechanisms that influence these effects. Finally, we construct an integrated research framework and propose directions for future research, aiming to provide theoretical guidance for ongoing workplace AI research and practical insights for organizational decision-making.