The Prevalence of Second Neoplasms in Patients with Non-Aldosterone Producing Adrenocortical Lesions

Over the last few decades, due to improvement in imaging techniques, the increased detection of adrenal incidentalomas is observed. Non-aldosterone producing adrenal adenomas (NAPACAs) often co-exist with second benign or malignant lesions. In the present study, we aimed to assess the presence of second neoplasms, both benign and malignant, in patients with NAPACAs, and to investigate possible correlations with clinical parameters, hormonal characteristics and the emergence of comorbidities. A total of 130 NAPACA patients were included in this single-center retrospective study. In this cohort, 35.4% of NAPACA patients carried any second neoplasm (either benign or malignant) whereas, 26.9% had a second malignant neoplasm. Cortisol levels after 1 mg overnight dexamethasone suppression test (F-ODS) were significantly higher in patients without a second neoplasm (<i>p</i> = 0.02), and this finding was consistent even when categorizing patients with and without malignancies (<i>p</i> = 0.02). In line with this observation, ACTH/F-ODS levels were significantly higher in patients with second malignancies (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Interestingly, the presence of mild autonomous cortisol secretion tended to be lower in patients with second malignancies (<i>p</i> = 0.08). No remarkable differences in the comorbidities of NAPACA patients with and without a second neoplasm were documented. Further prospective studies will be needed to elucidate the role of mild hypercortisolemia on the development of these second tumors in NAPACA patients.