Mendelian randomization and nomogram-based prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma risk in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis

This study introduces a novel causal inference-guided prediction model, addressing the long-standing debate on LDL's dual role in hepatocarcinogenesis. By integrating MR-validated genetic causality, nonlinear biochemical modeling, and PCA-driven dimensionality reduction, our model provides a transformative tool for personalized HCC risk stratification in HBV-C patients.