Organization of Chemical Production Based on the Principles of Green Chemistry: Waste Recycling and Resource Chains in the Production of Rubber Products

A new look at the concept of green chemistry from the side of the laws of production organization allows for the development of organizational solutions for achieving environmental friendliness of chemical–technological processes without capital-intensive modernization of production lines. The uniqueness of chemical production, unlike most industries, is the maximum possibility of organizing a closed resource–waste production cycle. The purpose of the article is to develop solutions for organizing chemical production based on the principles of green chemistry with an emphasis on waste recycling and resource chains using the example of rubber product production. Analysis and critical assessment of publications and literary sources showed a shortage of research on organizational tools for creating green production systems with minimal resource losses and maximum product yield. Interpretation of the laws of production organization in the projection of “green” chemistry made it possible to identify six vectors for creating sustainable production with a high strength of interrelation between the laws of production organization and the principles of green chemistry. The solutions obtained in most cases are aimed at increasing the closed nature of production and organizing circular resource chains. Using the example of rubber tire and cover production, trends of waste recycling prevalence (69%) were revealed compared to their disposal (31%). Based on artificial neural networks, a model of usefully used waste in circular resource chains was built, where three variables act as factors of sustainable production: the mass of waste returned to its own production cycle; the mass of waste returned to the production cycle of another enterprise, and the mass of waste sent for storage or disposal at landfills. The highest rate of beneficially used waste in circular resource chains is achieved in the third scenario, which prioritizes reintegrating waste back into the production cycle (57.5%). The transition from one scenario to another does not result in a polar shift in this rate, which instead varies within a range of 50–58%. The proposed solutions can be used by enterprises when choosing engineering directions and tools based on the synthesis of “green chemistry” concepts and production organization laws. Prospects for the development of the topic lie in the development of the methodology for organizing environmental engineering in the proposed directions and implementation tools as well as research into the technology of organizing closed low-waste production processes.