Anxiety and depression in patients with hepatobiliary and pancreatic malignancies: Influence of disease stage and psychosocial factors

Patients with hepatobiliary and pancreatic malignancies are prone to comorbid anxiety and depression, with increasing severity in the later disease stages. Despite the relatively small sample size, our findings suggest the need for psychological assessments and interventions in comprehensive cancer care. Future studies should consider expanding the sample size to enhance generalizability. Strengthening psychosocial support may improve patient outcomes and quality of life.