First Observation of Quantum Correlations in <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msup><mml:mi>e</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:msup><mml:mi>e</mml:mi><mml:mo>−</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:mo stretchy=

The study of meson pairs produced with quantum correlations gives direct access to parameters that are challenging to measure in other systems. In this Letter, the existence of quantum correlations due to charge-conjugation symmetry C are demonstrated in DD[over ¯] pairs produced through the processes e^{+}e^{-}→DD[over ¯], e^{+}e^{-}→D^{*}D[over ¯], and e^{+}e^{-}→D^{*}D[over ¯]^{*}, where the lack of charge superscripts refers to an admixture of neutral-charm-meson particle and antiparticle states, using 7.13 fb^{-1} of e^{+}e^{-} collision data collected by the BESIII experiment between center-of-mass energies of 4.13-4.23 GeV. Processes with either C-even or C-odd constraints are identified and separated. A procedure is presented that harnesses the entangled production process to enable measurements of D^{0}-meson hadronic parameters. This Letter provides the first confirmation of quantum correlations in e^{+}e^{-}→XDD[over ¯] processes and the first observation of a C-even constrained DD[over ¯] system. The procedure is applied to measure δ_{Kπ}^{D}, the strong phase between the D^{0}→K^{-}π^{+} and D[over ¯]^{0}→K^{-}π^{+} decay amplitudes, which results in the determination of δ_{Kπ}^{D}=(192.8_{-12.4-2.4}^{+11.0+1.9})°. The potential for measurements of other hadronic decay parameters and charm mixing with these and future datasets is also discussed.

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Journal
Physical Review Letters
Published
2025-08-28
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1103/dkgg-9twj
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1
Primary Topic
Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
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article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
1.87

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First Observation of Quantum Correlations in <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msup><mml:mi>e</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:msup><mml:mi>e</mml:mi><mml:mo>−</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:mo stretchy=

A. Dbeyssi, A. Brueggemann, Z. W. Ge, J. Y. Zhou et al.
1 citations
Physical Review Letters
Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
1.87
article

First Observation of Quantum Correlations in <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msup><mml:mi>e</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:msup><mml:mi>e</mml:mi><mml:mo>−</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:mo stretchy=

A. Dbeyssi, A. Brueggemann, Z. W. Ge, J. Y. Zhou, D. H. Wei, L. B. Guo, Y. Nefedov, B. J. Liu, Z. J. Chen, Q. M. Li, Y. N. Wang, S. Pacetti, S. M. Chen, A. Kupść, H. X. Yang, X. H. Xie, G. B. Sun, Ch. Rosner, Z. Y. Lv, Xingqiu Yuan, J. L. Qin, N. Yu. Muchnoi, T. J. Min, Y. B. Zhao, L. Yan, J. F. Chang, X. Q. Yan, J. Q. Zhang, F. Z. Qi, Xiaoyu Zhou, Y. G. Li, Y. J. Wang, K. Wang, Y. Z., Z. G. Zhao, H. C. Zhang, G. Chen, C. Z. Yuan, H. Lu, G. M. Liu, M. Kavatsyuk, G. S. Huang, H. R. Wei, U. Wiedner, F. E. Maas, M. Scodeggio, J. Libby, W. M. Song, S. B. Liu, S. Marcello, C. Wu, X. R. Zheng, Xiang Liu, F. Cossio, X. Y. Shan, C. H. Heinz, Y. T. Feng, F. Hanisch, D. M. Li, L. M. Zhang, M. L. Chen, F. Bianchi, H. B. Jiang, Rongjie Yang, X. Y. Liu, J. Fang, S. Gramigna, Y. Hu, M. Pelizaeus, W. D. Li, A. Sarantsev, X. R. Lyu, Z. X. Zhang, F. C., K. Begzsuren, Y. C. Xu, L. Y. Tao, X. K. Zhou, Lei Zhao, K. X. Huang, T. Y. Li, G. R. Liao, Q. Y. Zhang, Y. F. Liang, S. Spataro, B. X. Zhang, X. M. Xian, X. D. Yu, X. P. Qin, A. Q. Zhang, J. J. Liu, P. C. Jiang, S. Kabana, Y. K. Heng, X. M. Zhang, G. F. Xu, Q. X. Li, H. H. Zhang, P. Egorov, X. Y. Zhou, J. R. Li, Xin-Nian Wang, G. Y. Xiao, H. P. Peng, Z. K. Jia, Tianyu Xing, P. L. Li, Z. K. Chen, Y. S. Huang, Y. Raghu Reddy, Cheng-Kui Li, Zudi Lu, Y. F. Lyu, F. Weidner, Q. M., Y. Q. Chen, F. M. Melendi, Z. J. Ye, Chuan Yue, C. F. Redmer, S. Plura, H. B. Liu, H. J. Wang, Y. T. Liang, R. Li, W. Z. Zhu, Z. H. Zhang, S. S. Su, Y. Sun, L. Xia, P. C. Hong, S. K. Choi, Y. H. Xie, Suowei Wu, S. Y. Shi, Y. N. Gao, J. Muskalla, M. H. Cai, Y. C. Zhu, R. E. de Boer, Peng Huang, Y. D. Wang, M. Kuessner, C. Herold, D. Dedovich, J. X. Teng, L. C. Liu, Z. Y. Li, S. L. Olsen, H. F. Shen, B. L. Zhang, J. S. Li, L. Q. Lin, X. Y. Chen, J. Zu, A. Rivetti, X. J. Wang, Y. T. Gu, T. Chen, H. Y. Zhang, Y. X. Zhao, Q. Zhang, Z. Q. Wang, H. R. Qi, X. Z. Li, A. Gilman, V. Batozskaya, X. K. Liu, W. K. Liu, W. X. Fang, Y. H. Zhang, Cong Wang, P. L. Liu, I. Boyko, M. Greco, K. J. Xie, M. Lellmann, R. Aliberti, G. Y. Hou, Y. H. Fan, M. R. Li, T. Z. Song, Y. Schelhaas, Z. P. Xie, R. A. Briere, W. P. Wang, M. H. Ye, Yanrui Li, C. H. Li, Y. Q. Wang, O. Bakina, W. J. Zhu, J. Jackson, C. Liu, J. J. Tang, X. L. Li, W. B. Qian, X. Wang, M. H. Liu, X. Y. Zhang, J. F. Hu, Y. H. Lyu, T. Yang, Q. Liu, H. H. Liu, M. N. Achasov, J. W. Zhang, G. Li, I. Mackay, J. D. Gong, H. M. Liu, A. Bortone, A. Khoukaz, X. L. Luo, Y. Z. Zhou, Y. Wang, M. Rolo, Lijie Zhu, F. H. Liu, N. Berger, P. B. Qin, P. Adlarson, Francesca Rosini, X. Y., K. Y. Liu, D. Jiang, Gang Zhao, N. Salone, Zh. Zh. Zhang, Q. Ouyang, X. F. Wang, H. R. Zhang, A. Q. Guo, J. L., H. L., Y. T. Zhang, X. H. Li, F. Li, G. Y. Tang, Y. H. Meng, H. K. Sun, H. B. Li, Z. D. Liu, X. Y. Zhai, B. Zheng, L. Fava, P. Zhang, X. Y. Zhou, Gang Yu, R. G. Ping, J. F. Qiu, X. T. Chen, Z. Wang, F. Yan, I. Denysenko, D. Y. Wang, Z. Chen, T. Luo, X. J. Peng, Yu Bai, Tiandong Xu, X. B. Gao, J. L. Shi, F. Stieler, Q. P. Ji, H. Y. Chen, T. T. Lei, Tao Yu, H. J. Li, Z. Q. Liu, S. Wang, M. Ye, R. Farinelli, Tianyu Hu, R. Kiuchi, Yu Liu, A. N. Zhu, A. Marshall, S. P. Wen, Y. H. Wang, Yahui Guo, Yunyou Duan, X. Ai, J. Gutiérrez, Lu Gong, B. A. Shi, M. Wang, O. B. Kolcu, H. X. Mao, L. B. Liao, M. C. Du, Yuan Wang, L. L. Wang, S. Garbolino, T. Lin, K. L. Han, X. Dong, J. Y. Zhang, F. Nerling, Z. Y. Yuan, F. H. Heinsius, Z. X. Meng, M. Tat, F. De Mori, Y. F. Wang, M. G. Zhao, L. Ge, F. Feldbauer, H. Cai, X. L. Lu, Y. X. Song, H. Q. Zhang, L. W. Wang, J. Zhang, Chun‐Fang Xu, Shaofan Li, D. H. Zhang, M. Berlowski, Menghe H. Li, G. Cibinetto, W. G. Li, H. Bao, Xiaoying Zhuang, J. P. Zheng, Y. Y. Ji, X. T., T. J. Zhu, X. T. Hou, M. Q. Ruan, M. H. Gu, Y. F. Wang, W. B. Yan, Min Xu, C. Q. Feng, W. J. Zheng, C. J. Tang, A. Calcaterra, M. Destefanis, A. Zhemchugov, G. Mezzadri, A. Amoroso, Ke Liu, W. H. Yan, Yazhen Jiang, J. X. Zhang, X. X. Ding, J. Q. Zhou, Jianping Zhang, N. Cao, A. Pathak, J. H. Feng, Tao Sun, W. H. Tian, X. R. Chen, J. Z. Zhang, L. R., Z. L. Wang, D. X. Lin, M. Ablikim, Y. P. Pei, Haifeng Zhou, W. X. Gong, X. Kang, J. L. Zhang, X. Li, Y. L. Xiao, H. K. Sun, Y. Q. Yang, Yan Yang, C. F. Qiao, Y. Zhou, R. Q., Xiangyang Li, M. Maggiora, Z. L. Zhang, Yihang Chen, M. Q. Jing, J. F. Shangguan, Y. B. Liu, Y. P. Zhang, W. M. Liu, Z. H. Qu, Z. F. Tian, B. X. Liu, R. P. Guo, H. Miao, E. M. Gersabeck, S. H. Zeng, J. J. Zhang, Feng Liu, Y. H. Zheng, A. A. Zafar, H. S. Chen, Hui Li, H. L. Yang, V. Prasad, M. Y. Dong, A. Limphirat, T. J. Wang, Qi An, K. Liu, Y. H. Zhan, N. Y. Wang, K. Goetzen, L. J. Li, K. L. Li, W. H. Shen, A. Guskov, W. Shan, Z. A. Liu, Y. F. Yang, X. Shi, R. Y. Zhang, Weidong D. Zhu, C. X. Liu, L. Y. Dong, N. in der Wiesche, B. Moses, S. Nisar, Lu Liu, X. Zeng, Yaqian Wang, L. Q. Huang, Y. P. Huang, Y. P. Liao, B. Ding, M. Wolke, Changsheng Xie, Yan Liu, Han Zhang, Ting Wang, C. Zhong, Lei Zhang, Lei Li, Fang Liu, Jianyu Zhang, Yu Zhang, Yu Gao, Xin Jiang, Yue Wu, S. M. Wu, Zhidong Zhang, T. T. Han, K. S. Zhu, J. Tang, Yongping Li, P. T. Ge, Jianjian Wang, Feng Liu, Qing Lan, B. Yu, X. Liu, H. Liang, Lianjie Wu, Junhao Yin, S. S. Rong, Y. Q. Fang, D. Xiao, Y. G. Xie, X. Pan, Yuan Huang, Hao Xiao, N. Zhao, Yu-Chang Sun, Changqing Wang, Juefei Yang, J. Y. Shi, Yizhuo Zhang, J. J. Fan, H. Y. Xu, X. Wu, C. L. Luo, R. P. Zhao, N. Kalantar‐Nayestanaki, Z. J. Shang, Ye Lu, H. Li, C. Normand, Y. X. Ding, H. Y. Yan, Q. P. Hu, S. L. Hu, C. Y. Guan, B. H. Xiang, Y. J. Su, Z. L. Hou, X. Chai, Haifeng Song, Qian Xu, Weiyun Xu, H. C. Shi, X. L. Ji, J. S. Luo, Xiaoshuai Qin, Ming Guo, Y. H. Yang, Shuning Zhao, S. X. Du, J. Y. Tian, Chao Chen, Y. J. Sun, L. G. Shao, C. J. Xu, Y. L. Zhao, J. Z. Zhao, B. Kopf, L. Sun, J. J. Qin, X. Y. Shen, Z. A. Zhu, Y. Ban, X. T. Huang, X. Wu, L.L. Ma, Y. W. Fu, J. H. Zou, K. J. Zhu, Q. N. Xu, L. Q. Qin, M. C. Yu, Z. T. Sun, I. Uman, Z. J. Xiao, Z. P. Mao, J. P. Dai, Z. Y. Deng, G. F. Cao, X. P. Xu, S. A. Cetin, J. J. Cui, J. F. Sun, Huihui Liu, H. M. Hu, S. Fang, Zhongxin Wang, S. Zhou, Y. J. Mao, Q. P. Ji, T. Hussain, X. S. Kang, J. G. Lu, Shulei Zhang, Y. J. Song, X. B. Ji, Q. A. Malik, J. S. Yu, Y. X. Yang, M. Bertani, X. C. Lou, G. Felici, S. C. Yuan, Xiaolong Liu, C. P. Shen, T. Ma, S. Jin, W. Ji, K. L. He, T. Lenz, C. Geng, Y.S. Lu, M. Shao, G. Wilkinson, R. E. Mitchell, Y. J. Mao, L. Yuan, Jonas Rademacker, C. X. Yu, G. Rong, P. R. Li, Ke Li, T. Li, D. Bettoni, I. Garzia, J. J. Song, Z. Wu, A. Denig, X. L. Wang, J. Yuan, V. Khachatryan, W. Kühn, L. H. Wu, S. J. Chen, B. C. Ke, M. Fritsch, Qichun Feng, Yi Wang, N. Hüsken, L. S. Nie, W. D. Niu, Y. R. Wen, C. Q. Deng, G. F. Fan, J. H. Qiao, J. R. Luo, M. X. Luo, K. Zhu, S. Sosio, Y. Tian, W. Yan, B. Zhong, M. H. Liao, W. Gradl, C. H. Chen, W. Wang, Y. G. Xie, W. L. Xu, Y. Y. Gao, Z. M. Hu, Elena Del Bianco, C. C. Lin, N. Kumar, G. R., K. Sun, K. K. He, Y. Yang, J. Dong, S. S. Sun, J. B. Jiao, Yiyan Peng, L. F. Tang, X. Q. Hao, S. Qian, F. A. Harris, J. Y. Zhao, G. X. Sun, W. T. Liu, M. Qi, F. X. Lu, Xialong Cai, T. J. Jiang, T. Johansson, K. Y. Shan, J. L. Ping, W. N. Lan, Y. Yuan, Z. Jiao, H. L. Dai, Y. C. Yu, C. Li, X. H. Mo, Yingao Tang, Kai Hao, S. Malde, Z. Ning, Lu Qin, L. Zhu, S. J. Jiang, J. K. Jiao, Y. P. Lu, S. H. Zhu, Z. J. Li, Y. Jin, B. M. Zheng, X. Kui, Q. L. Niu, X. M. Jing, L. J. Wu, K. Schoenning, Y. Zeng, S. H. Zhang, Z. Q. Sun, J. Zhu, Y. R. Hou, S. L. Chen, Z. Y. You, Y. H. Sun, K. Peters, I. B. Nikolaev, J. L. Fu, K. Petridis, H. J. Yang, J. F. Wu, H. Gao, J. B. Liu, Nan Zhang, Ying Yue, Z. S. Xu, T. Liu, C. D. Fu, Bo Wang, J. Cottee-Meldrum, Y. Pan, X. Chu, W. P. Yan
article en
1 citations

Abstract

The study of meson pairs produced with quantum correlations gives direct access to parameters that are challenging to measure in other systems. In this Letter, the existence of quantum correlations due to charge-conjugation symmetry C are demonstrated in DD[over ¯] pairs produced through the processes e^{+}e^{-}→DD[over ¯], e^{+}e^{-}→D^{*}D[over ¯], and e^{+}e^{-}→D^{*}D[over ¯]^{*}, where the lack of charge superscripts refers to an admixture of neutral-charm-meson particle and antiparticle states, using 7.13 fb^{-1} of e^{+}e^{-} collision data collected by the BESIII experiment between center-of-mass energies of 4.13-4.23 GeV. Processes with either C-even or C-odd constraints are identified and separated. A procedure is presented that harnesses the entangled production process to enable measurements of D^{0}-meson hadronic parameters. This Letter provides the first confirmation of quantum correlations in e^{+}e^{-}→XDD[over ¯] processes and the first observation of a C-even constrained DD[over ¯] system. The procedure is applied to measure δ_{Kπ}^{D}, the strong phase between the D^{0}→K^{-}π^{+} and D[over ¯]^{0}→K^{-}π^{+} decay amplitudes, which results in the determination of δ_{Kπ}^{D}=(192.8_{-12.4-2.4}^{+11.0+1.9})°. The potential for measurements of other hadronic decay parameters and charm mixing with these and future datasets is also discussed.

Physical Review LettersVol. 135(17)
University of Science and Technology Liaoning (CN), University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (US), Liaoning University (CN), Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro” (IT), Uppsala University (SE), University of Science and Technology of China (CN), University of Hawaii System (US), Mongolian Academy of Sciences (MN), Central South University (CN), Guangxi University (CN), Nanjing Normal University (CN), Liaoning Normal University (CN), North China Electric Power University (CN), Shandong University (CN), Sun Yat-sen University (CN), COMSATS University Islamabad (PK), Hangzhou Normal University (CN), Hunan University (CN), Henan University of Science and Technology (CN), University of Groningen (NL), GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research (DE), University of the Punjab (PK), Hunan Normal University (CN), Henan University (CN), Shanxi University (CN), Shanghai Jiao Tong University (CN), Yantai University (CN), University of Tarapacá (CL), Guangxi University of Science and Technology (CN), South China Normal University (CN), Yunnan University (CN), Jilin University (CN), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (DE), Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (DE), University of Ferrara (IT), Qufu Normal University (CN), Peking University (CN), Nankai University (CN), University of Münster (DE), Sichuan University (CN), Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IN), Fudan University (CN), Inner Mongolia University (CN), University of Perugia (IT), Shandong Normal University (CN), University of Manchester (GB), Guangxi Normal University (CN), China University of Geosciences (CN), Huangshan University (CN), Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (RU), University of Jinan (CN), Henan University of Technology (CN), University of Bristol (GB), Wuhan University (CN), Zhengzhou University (CN), Soochow University (CN), University of Oxford (GB), Central China Normal University (CN), National Centre for Nuclear Research (PL), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Ferrara (IT), Helmholtz Institute Mainz (DE), Indiana University Bloomington (US), Istinye University (TR), Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RU), Institute of Modern Physics (CN), Jilin Medical University (CN), Institute of High Energy Physics (CN), Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (CN), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati (IT), Piedmont University (US), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia (IT), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN), Hebei University (CN), Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (RU), China Center of Advanced Science and Technology (CN), University of Turin (IT), Indiana University (US), Chung-Ang University (KR), Near East University (CY), Carnegie Mellon University (US), Henan Normal University (CN), Zhejiang University (CN), Lanzhou University (CN), Southeast University (CN), Renmin University of China (CN), Suranaree University of Technology (TH), Beihang University (CN), Nanjing University (CN), Ruhr University Bochum (DE), University of South China (CN), Shanxi Normal University (CN), Tsinghua University (CN)
U.S. Department of Energy, Strong, National Research Foundation, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Research Foundation of Korea, Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse, Vetenskapsrådet, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Institute of High Energy Physics
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Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
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