Evaluating the Pros and Cons of Common Dental Polymers in Dentistry: Review

Dental polymers play a central role in modern dentistry, offering versatility in applications ranging from removable dentures and prosthetic frameworks to implant abutments and bioactive scaffolds. Common materials like PMMA, PEEK, and nylon are valued for their formability, cost-effectiveness, and aesthetic properties, while emerging biopolymers including chitosan and alginate offer promising biocompatible alternatives. However, both conventional and bio-based polymers exhibit limitations in terms of chemical stability, mechanical wear, and microbial adhesion. Recent advancements in polymer science have expanded the material palette through innovative biopolymer formulations and advanced surface engineering techniques such as antimicrobial coatings and nanocomposites, introducing novel solutions for improving polymer performance across both synthetic and biological material categories. Clinical and preclinical findings suggest that incorporating drug delivery systems, modifying surface topography, and using biofunctional materials can reduce biofilm formation and enhance osseointegration. Still, persistent issues related to polymer degradation, cytotoxicity, and bonding challenges limit broader clinical adoption. This review explores the current understanding of polymer applications in dentistry, identifies critical limitations, and highlights innovative strategies aimed at improving safety, longevity, and biological functionality in polymer-based dental systems.