Association of Postoperative Delirium and Perioperative Factors With Frailty in Laparoscopic Gastrointestinal Surgery: A Retrospective Observational Study

Among frail patients undergoing gastrointestinal laparoscopic surgery, key perioperative factors associated with frailty included advanced age, prolonged hospitalization, higher ASA-PS scores, use of physical restraints, increased DST positivity rates postoperatively, and greater postoperative pain. Each of these factors is a potential contributor to delirium, suggesting that frail individuals are at heightened risk of developing delirium due to these associated variables.