The 6-Go Digital Intellectual Capital Model: Enhancing Financial Sustainability Through Green Innovation in Small and Medium Enterprises

Purpose -- This study develops and validates a novel 6-Go Digital Intellectual Capital (6G-DIC) model that extends traditional intellectual ‎capital theory by incorporating digital, cultural, and green capital dimensions to enhance financial sustainability in small and medium enterprises through green innovation.‎ Design/methodology/approach -- This research advances intellectual capital theory by developing a six-dimensional framework that extends ‎traditional three-dimensional models. Using partial least squares structural equation modeling on 324 Indonesian SMEs, the study tests the ‎expanded framework's impact on financial sustainability through green innovation mediation.‎ Findings -- Contrary to digital transformation assumptions, green capital emerges as the strongest predictor of green innovation (β = 0.275), ‎followed by cultural capital (β = 0.243), while digital capital shows moderate effects (β = 0.158). The model explains 77.2% of the variance in ‎financial sustainability and 69.2% in green innovation, with green innovation mediating 21.46% to 28.72% of intellectual capital effects on ‎financial outcomes.‎ Research limitations/implications -- Geographic specificity to Indonesian SMEs limits generalizability. The unexpected hierarchy challenges ‎digital primacy assumptions and suggests that intellectual capital effectiveness varies across institutional contexts.‎ Practical implications -- SME managers should prioritize green capital and cultural capital development over digital-only approaches, though ‎contextual adaptation is essential given the study's geographic limitations.‎ Originality/value -- This research contributes to intellectual capital theory by demonstrating that expanded six-dimensional frameworks ‎achieve superior explanatory power while revealing contextual sensitivity in resource value hierarchies that contradict universal digital ‎transformation assumptions‎.