International Information Security in the Era of Technological Transformation: A Mixed Methods Study

The study aimed to comprehensively examine current trends and peculiarities of information security development in the context of digital transformation, as well as to develop practical recommendations for improving the mechanisms of international cooperation in this area. The research was based on scientific publications in leading international journals on information security, as well as international and national regulations. The analysis of statistical data on the dynamics of the development of key components of the information security system of the Kyrgyz Republic for the period 2020–2025 was conducted. The content analysis of scientific literature, comparative analysis of international experience in ensuring information security, systematic analysis of the relationship between various aspects of cybersecurity, and the method of theoretical modelling of promising areas of international cooperation were employed in the study. The study demonstrated a transformation of approaches to information security under the influence of technological changes. A comprehensive analysis of the development of information security components showed significant progress in the technological infrastructure (up from 55% to 78%), the regulatory framework (up from 52% to 79%), human resources development (up from 48% to 72%) and international cooperation (up from 59% to 82%). At the same time, the level of digital literacy of the population, despite positive dynamics (growth from 45% to 70%), remains the lowest, which indicates the need to strengthen educational programmes in this area. The study’s main contribution lies in developing a model that links the national experience of the Kyrgyz Republic with broader international standards, demonstrating that effective information security in developing countries requires not only technological and legal measures but also targeted mechanisms of international cooperation and regional adaptation. This approach provides practical recommendations for strengthening both national resilience and global information security collaboration.