Prospects for dark matter observations in dwarf spheroidal galaxies with the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory

ABSTRACT The dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs) orbiting the Milky Way are widely regarded as systems supported by velocity dispersion against self-gravity, and as prime targets for the search for indirect dark matter (DM) signatures in the GeV-to-TeV $\gamma$-ray range owing to their lack of astrophysical $\gamma$-ray background. We present forecasts of the sensitivity of the forthcoming Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO) to annihilating or decaying DM signals in these targets. An original selection of candidates is performed from the current catalogue of known objects, including both classical and ultrafaint dSphs. For each, the expected DM content is derived using the most comprehensive photometric and spectroscopic data available, within a consistent framework of analysis. This approach enables the derivation of novel astrophysical factor profiles for indirect DM searches, which are compared with results from the literature. From an initial sample of 64 dSphs, eight promising targets are identified – Draco I, Coma Berenices, Ursa Major II, Ursa Minor, and Willman 1 in the North, Reticulum II, Sculptor, and Sagittarius II in the South – for which different DM density models yield consistent expectations, leading to robust predictions. CTAO is expected to provide the strongest limits above $\sim$10 TeV, reaching velocity-averaged annihilation cross sections of $\sim 5\times 10^{-25}$ cm$^3$ s$^{-1}$ and decay lifetimes up to $\sim 10^{26}$ s for combined limits. The dominant uncertainties arise from the imprecise determination of the DM content, particularly for ultrafaint dSphs. Observation strategies are proposed that optimize either deep exposures of the best candidates or diversified target selections.

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Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Published
2025-10-17
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf1798
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Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
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article
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article

Prospects for dark matter observations in dwarf spheroidal galaxies with the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory

J. F. Glicenstein, A. Viana, P. Romano, M. Linhoff et al.
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
article

Prospects for dark matter observations in dwarf spheroidal galaxies with the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory

J. F. Glicenstein, A. Viana, P. Romano, M. Linhoff, V. Fioretti, Vincent Pollet, C. Pittori, N. La Palombara, Yongqiang Yao, Federico Incardona, F. Leone, A. Marchetti, S. Gallozzi, Clarissa Siqueira, Sanja Lazarević, H. Siejkowski, Tomasz Starecki, Gavin Rowell, D. Nieto, Matteo Balbo, Satoshi Hara, Michael Backes, Pedro L. Luque‐Escamilla, F. Gianotti, O. Blanch, F. Schüßler, L. Tibaldo, Jonathan Granot, Salvatore Savarese, S.J Tanaka, Sudip Bhattacharyya, Carlos Ríos-Deidán, Georgios Gerasimos Voutsinas, J. Gallego, Miroslav D Filipović, P. Goldoni, G. Ambrosi, W. Hanlon, G. Grolleron, E. Bissaldi, Gabriele Panebianco, E. Molina, R. Santos-Lima, H. Muraishi, Francesco Gabriele Saturni, Jonatan Vignatti, R. Capuzzo‐Dolcetta, Dalibor Nosek, Giulio Capasso, Rogério Giuffrida, S. Mereghetti, J. Vandenbroucke, Dušan Mandát, Andres Scherer, Jiří Blažek, Kazunori Kohri, M. Mariotti, Ivana Batković, M. Vecchi, M. Sánchez‐Conde, F. Perrotta, C. Delgado Mendez, Vikram V. Dwarkadas, Jarred Gershon Green, D. F. Torres, A. Iuliano, Vasyl Beshley, A. Wierzcholska, Garret Cotter, J. Abhir, Cláudio Ricci, Robert Brose, F. Torradeflot, L. Riitano, Miha Živec, P. M. Chadwick, Alejandro Pérez Aguilera, P. Esposito, V. Rizi, Elena Amato, Christopher Eckner, G. Ponti, Jonas Glombitza, T. Yoshikoshi, S. Sarkar, P. Calisse, V. Savchenko, Kevin Munari, E. Bernardini, C. Gasbarra, E. Fedorova, A. López-Oramas, R. Batzofin, K. Egberts, F. Podobnik, Cyril Martin Alispach, B. A. Hess, R. Paoletti, G. Fontaine, J. A. Barrio, R. Walter, S. Rainò, Diego Dominguez, Shinsuke Abe, O. Tibolla, E. Ruiz-Velasco, G. Principe, A. Mitchell, H. Sol, Giada Peron, Christian Jarnot, Giulio Manicò, A. Acharyya, A. Lamastra, Fabio Pintore, Paula Kornecki, W. Kluźniak, L. del Peral, G. Kowal, Andrés Baquero, Jorge Otero-Santos, Jonathan Mackey, P. Jean, E. Pueschel, M. Ribó, David C. Green, C. Vigorito, R. A. Ong, V. Barbosa Martins, Sebastian Diebold, Cesare Molfese, Ryo Yamazaki, Luis Tejedor, Vito Conforti, M. Nikołajuk, Alejandra Aguirre-Santaella, Torsten Bringmann, В. И. Жданов, Mario Pecimotika, E. M. de Gouveia Dal Pino, Ambra Di Piano, P. Hamal, Fabio Iocco, Valery P. Vassiliev, J. Rosado, Rafael Alves Batista, Shahid Hussain, S. Fegan, B. De Lotto, Michael Burton, E. Prandini, J. M. Paredes, I. Agudo, Frank Rieger, A de Angelis, Francesco Tombesi, Rodrigo Nemmen, Antonio Tutone, M. Jamrozy, A. Ghalumyan, G. Verna, Ryuji Takeishi, A. Moralejo, J. Lapington, M. Cerruti, S. Chaty, W. Benbow, Anderson Caproni, Jurandyr Pimentel Neto, S. Ventura, D. Mazin, Giulia Brunelli, M. Nievas Rosillo, Leticia Guedes, Martin Vacula, Th. Stolarczyk, D. Falceta-Gonçalves, V. Karas, I. Sadeh, V. Voitsekhovskyi, Pooja Bhattacharjee, M. Orlandini, D. Hrupec, A. Trois, D. Paneque, Hirohito Sano, Miltiadis Michailidis, E. Cascone, Lea Heckmann, Pedro Escárate, D. Kieda, Vitalii Sliusar, E. Pietropaolo, Miguel Molero Gonzalez, M. Doro, Maneenate Wechakama, Antonio Pagliaro, Sandro Recchia, G. Bonnoli, R. Kissmann, Giorgio Galanti, L. Foffano, V. Testa, F. Schiavone, D M-A Meyer, A. Stamerra, L. Burmistrov, Alessandro Costa, Sami Caroff, Violet M. Harvey, Andreas Reisenegger, A. Furniss, Oscar Macías, Alexandre José Tuoto Silveira Mello, C. van Eldik, L. Ducci, Miguel J. A. Láinez, Luis F. Angel, Z. Curtis-Ginsberg, R. Adam, S. Lombardi, M. D. Rodríguez-Friás, Kentaro Noda, M. Gaug, S. Vercellone, E. Bottacini, M. Pech, Chaimongkol Duangchan, Cornelia Arcaro, Gabriella Silvestri, Elisa Visentin, J. Cortina, Martin White, Jan Ebr, T. Hassan, W. Rhode, O. Sergijenko, F. D’Ammando, S. Orlando, D. della Volpe, Arshia Ruina, A. Chiavassa, Arnau Aguasca-Cabot, V. Sguera, A. Moreno Ramos, I. Márquez, C. Bigongiari, Q. Feng, P. I. Cristofari, Y. Fukui, D. Elsäesser, Vincenzo Sapienza, M. V. del Valle, G. Romeo, D. Ambrosino, Ilaria Viale, Mirko Colapietro, M. Miceli, B. Rudak, O. Petruk, B. Patricelli, D. Malyshev, T. Montaruli, D. Sengupta, N. F. H. Tothill, Jakub Jurýšek, A Morselli, N Giglietto, Geoff Beck, F. De Frondat Laadim, J. G. Giesbrecht Paiva, Y. Ascasíbar, Omar Cuevas, Csaba Balázs, Davide Cerasole, A. Okumura, S. García Soto, G. Castignani, A. Cifuentes, Mari Takahashi, Carlos H. Coimbra-Araújo, J.-P. Lenain, N. Parmiggiani, D. Miceli, Jorge Alfaro, Yating Chai, Gaspar Galaz, R. Alfaro, S. Germani, Irene Jiménez Martínez, Alberto Rosales de León, V. Gammaldi, Abhradeep Roy, J. Kataoka, V. de Souza, S. J. Tingay, Juan José Rodríguez‐Vázquez, Farinaldo S. Queiroz, J. Niemiec, J. M. Miranda, R. Hnatyk, Tomohiro Inada, V. Novotny, C. González, R. L. C. Starling, E. Lyard, Alessandro Vigliano, Pietro Schipani, Nagisa Hiroshima, Julien Dörner, W. Zhang, Filippo Ambrosino, Gilles Ferrand, P. A. Caraveo, D. Tonev, L. Saha, D. Berge, Jordi Gonzàlez, J.L Contreras, J. Kushida, K. Hayashi, Brandon Khan Cantlay, S. Vorobiov, B. Bertucci, R. Carosi, I. Jaroschewski, A. Quirrenbach, Davide Depaoli, L. A. Antonelli, Pierluca Sangiorgi, Judit Pérez-Romero, Nu. Komin, L. Di Venere, Adam Muraczewski, K. Asano, Mervin Meyer, M. Escobar Godoy, Jaziel G. Coelho, Jaume Zuriaga-Puig, F Pfeifle, Frederik Wohlleben, J. Bernete, Luiz Augusto Stuani, E. Bronzini, A. Campoy-Ordaz, Maxime Regeard, Liam Pinchbeck, Alberto Bonollo, T. Gradetzke, Isabella Sofia, Gloria Maria Cicciari, A. Reimer, A. Chen, Y. Suda, J. Chudoba, J. I. Djuvsland, Yoshiyuki Inoue, Hiroyasu Tajima, Daniele Spiga, O. Martı́nez, J. J. Lozano Bahilo, Marcos López, A. K. Pandey, W. Jin, Yijia Li, Víctor Moya, R. Orito, S. Nozaki, J. Becker Tjus, M. Pohl, A.J. Castro-Tirado, Julio Sáez, D. Hoffmann, S. Ettori, Juan Manuel González, Marie-Sophie Carrasco, Pedro Ivo Batista, A. La Barbera, Guido D’Amico, R. López-Coto, T. Di Girolamo, A. Abhishek, A. Donini, P. Majumdar, G. Pirola, D. Hadasch, R. Di Tria, D. Horan, T. Miener, F. Jankowsky, T. Nakamori, E. Moulin, S. Loporchio, F. Dazzi, M. Bunse, F. Ferrarotto, A. Simongini, M. de Bony de Lavergne, F. Acero, Ž. Bošnjak, M Böttcher, Pavel Horváth, G. Marsella, R Rando, Stefano Truzzi, N. Viaux Maira, M Palatiello, E. Leonora, E Orlando, O. Gueta, Petr Janeček, J. Rico, T. Richtler, M. L. Pumo, E. Roache, Francesco Longo, O. Kalekin, F. Giordano, D. Zavrtanik, M. Teshima, A. Zech, G. Pühlhofer, A. Fiaßon, W. W. Tian, F. Di Pierro, V Poireau, T. Murach, E. Lindfors, Y. Chen, R. Del Burgo, G. Chon, V. Vitale, M. Prouza, M. Peresano, M Persic, Lucas Gréaux, O Reimer, G. Martı́nez, M. Zavrtanik, Markus Garczarczyk, S. Mangano, C. Aramo, Y. Fukazawa, D Gasparrini, E. Carquín, M. Chernyakova, H. Costantini, Shosuke Inoue, Gonzalo Rodríguez-Fernández, M. Iarlori, A. Berti, S. Kaufmann, L. P. David, E. Fiandrini, K. Abe, P. Trávnı́ček, C. Bartolini, Igor Reis, M. O. Moghadam, Demosthenes Kazanas, A. Biland, M. Heller, Hiromi Kubo, K. Nishijima, J. F. Olive, J.-P. Amans, S. Stanič, M. de Naurois, M. Martínez, H. Salzmann, A. Dinesh, W. Hofmann, Sebastiano Spinello, S. Menon, G. Emery, A. Tramacere, M. Vázquez Acosta, Bastien Lacave, H. Luciani, L. Barrios-Jiménez, Darko Kolar, A. Cerviño Cortínez, F. Frías García-Lago, B. Cornejo, Ténéman Keita, M Molina Delicado, Francesco Xotta
article en

Abstract

ABSTRACT The dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs) orbiting the Milky Way are widely regarded as systems supported by velocity dispersion against self-gravity, and as prime targets for the search for indirect dark matter (DM) signatures in the GeV-to-TeV $\gamma$-ray range owing to their lack of astrophysical $\gamma$-ray background. We present forecasts of the sensitivity of the forthcoming Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO) to annihilating or decaying DM signals in these targets. An original selection of candidates is performed from the current catalogue of known objects, including both classical and ultrafaint dSphs. For each, the expected DM content is derived using the most comprehensive photometric and spectroscopic data available, within a consistent framework of analysis. This approach enables the derivation of novel astrophysical factor profiles for indirect DM searches, which are compared with results from the literature. From an initial sample of 64 dSphs, eight promising targets are identified – Draco I, Coma Berenices, Ursa Major II, Ursa Minor, and Willman 1 in the North, Reticulum II, Sculptor, and Sagittarius II in the South – for which different DM density models yield consistent expectations, leading to robust predictions. CTAO is expected to provide the strongest limits above $\sim$10 TeV, reaching velocity-averaged annihilation cross sections of $\sim 5\times 10^{-25}$ cm$^3$ s$^{-1}$ and decay lifetimes up to $\sim 10^{26}$ s for combined limits. The dominant uncertainties arise from the imprecise determination of the DM content, particularly for ultrafaint dSphs. Observation strategies are proposed that optimize either deep exposures of the best candidates or diversified target selections.

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical SocietyVol. 544(3)
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