Evaluation of Burn Wound Healing and Anti‐inflammatory Potential of Semi‐synthetic <i>Bergenia ciliata‐</i> loaded Carboxymethyl Cellulose Hydrogel: A Biochemical Perspective

The present work evaluated the wound healing capacity of Bergenia ciliata (BC) loaded carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) hydrogel and its various components in a mouse model. In comparison to treatment groups, CMC-BC nanoparticles (CMC-BCNPs) significantly promoted wound contraction in burn injuries. The levels of glutathione (5.0 ± 0.3 µmol/L), glutathione peroxidase (179.4 ± 7.8 U/L), superoxide dismutase (194.6 ± 4.0 U/mL), catalase (6.2 ± 0.4 mmol/mL), malondialdehyde (3.5 ± 0.2 mmol/L), tumor necrosis factor-α (19.8 ± 2.2 pg/mL), interleukin-6 (15.8 ± 1.5 pg/mL), and interleukin-8 (18.4 ± 1.9 pg/mL) were significantly restored in the CMC-BCNPs treatment group. Furthermore, the normal re-epithelialization, angiogenesis, and maturation of wounds in treatment groups supported the justification that CMC, coupled with BC extract and CMC-BC-based silver NPs, can operate synergistically to improve therapeutic effects. In carrageenan-induced paw edema, in the multiple treatment group, the inflammation inhibition was 38.17% at the fourth hour. Other treatment groups, BC 300 mg/kg, BC 200 mg/kg, and BCNPs-CMC, inhibition rates were 36.43%, 30.40%, and 24.97%, respectively. At the same time, BC-CMC and BC 100 mg/kg showed inhibition of 23.40% and 22.10%, respectively. In summary, BC 300 mg/kg shown the most anti-inflammatory effects compared to the other concentrations and combinations of BC. Conclusively, BC showed significant anti-inflammatory and wound healing effects, paving the way for mechanistic biomedical research.