Impact of the Share of Renewable Energy Sources on Co₂ Emissions in 2000–2024

This study used panel data analysis to examine the impact of renewable energy on per capita CO emissions in selected countries over the period 2000-2024.The fixed effects model was tested with robust standard errors; variance homogeneity and autocorrelation assumptions were analyzed.Time-dimensional relationships were evaluated using the Granger causality test and trend analyses.The findings indicate that an increase in the share of renewable energy among energy sources significantly reduces CO emissions.The effect remains when population size, forest area ratio, and meteorological variables are considered.Country-based trend analyses reveal that emissions in developed countries tended to decrease as renewable energy ratios steadily increased.This study provides methodological and theoretical contributions to the literature by examining the energy-environment interaction at an empirical level; the findings can be used as economic and political guidance for developing sustainability strategies.