Presentation of Malaria with Deranged Renal and Biochemical Parameters and its Association with Patient Mortality

Abstract Introduction: Malaria is a major pediatric health concern, and distinguishing between Malaria and Severe Malaria is crucial for effective management. Objectives: The objective of the study was to analyze key laboratory parameters differentiating Malaria from Severe Malaria and their impact on patient outcomes. Materials and Methods: A study of 120 pediatric malaria patients categorized as malaria (69.2%) and severe malaria (30.8%) was conducted. Hematological and biochemical parameters were compared, and their association with outcomes was assessed. Statistical analyses for the study were conducted using SPSS version 29. Results: Severe Malaria patients had significantly lower hemoglobin (7.31 ± 2.82 vs. 9.53 ± 220, P < 0.001), lower platelets (43200 ± 41356.07 vs. 70300 ± 68343.66, P < 0.001), and higher total leukocyte count (m/L) ( P = 0.004). Elevated bilirubin (mg/dL) ( P = 0.034) and serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (IU/L) ( P = 0.035) were also observed. Mortality was higher in Severe Malaria (16.2% vs. 6%). Patients having deranged serum creatinine, deranged liver function tests were significantly associated with bad outcomes (expiry) ( P < 0.001). Conclusion: Biochemical laboratory parameters in malaria/severe malaria can help to predict outcomes of patients. Their routine assessment can aid in timely intervention and improved patient management.