Spinal Hydatid Disease: A Case Report and Literature Review

Spinal hydatid disease is a rare form of echinococcosis. This condition occurs when parasitic larvae migrate to the spinal column, leading to the formation of cysts that compress the spinal cord or nerve roots, resulting in neurological symptoms such as back pain, motor deficits, sensory changes, and sphincter dysfunction. A 45-year-old woman with a history of pulmonary and hepatic hydatid cysts, previously treated surgically, presented with progressive bilateral lumbosciatica and urinary incontinence. MRI revealed a hydatid cyst at the D1 vertebral level, prompting emergency surgery. The patient underwent D1-D2 laminectomy with excision of intact hydatid cysts, confirmed by histopathological examination. Postoperative treatment with albendazole resulted in significant clinical improvement within three months. Early diagnosis through imaging, particularly MRI, and prompt surgical intervention, combined with antiparasitic therapy, are critical for optimal recovery. This case underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis and management of spinal hydatid disease, which remains a challenge in endemic areas but can have favorable outcomes with timely intervention.