Photovoltaic systems with battery storage: A novel and comprehensive scheduling method for high-consumption facilities

The increasing global energy demand and the need for efficient integration of renewable energy sources have driven the development of photovoltaic systems with battery energy storage (PV-BESS). This study proposes a novel energy-management strategy for PV-BESS in high-consumption installations. The strategy integrates a reduction of excess demand penalties, energy arbitrage, and battery aging considerations by using mixed-integer linear programming (MILP), thus addressing the limitations of traditional approaches. The results showed significant reductions in grid-imported energy, particularly during peak demand periods. For a 300-kWh BESS, grid-imported energy was reduced by 16 %, and reductions in the range of 29 % to 51 % were achieved during peak demand periods. This method also proved its ability to reduce excess power peaks, which were reduced by up to 78 % for 500 kWh batteries. As a result, annual demand expenditures decreased by up to 25 %. In addition, by considering battery aging, the strategy extended battery life by up to 9 % compared to similar methods that do not account for degradation, thus improving its profitability and sustainability. This comprehensive approach contributes to the field by optimizing economic profitability, enhancing energy efficiency, and reducing impact on the grid. • Optimization method that considers contracted power and excess demand peaks • Grid-imported energy during peak demand period was reduced by between 29 % and 51 %. • Decrease in excess power peaks up to 78 %, improving distribution grid management. • Extension of battery lifespan by up to 9 % compared to methods ignoring degradation • Energy and demand expenditures decreased by up to 27 % and 25 %, respectively.