Hyperbranched Oxime‐Ester Covalent Adaptive Network for Recyclable Ultralow‐Dielectric Epoxy

Epoxy thermosets are indispensable in high-frequency (5G/6G) electronics, but their permanent crosslinks hinder recyclability and worsen e-waste. Although covalent adaptable networks (CANs) offer recyclability, their polar dynamic bonds exacerbate dielectric losses at gigahertz (GHz) bands due to dipolar relaxation. Here, we develop generation-tunable dendritic dynamic crosslinkers that yield recyclable epoxy-based printed circuit board (PCB) with ultralow dielectric performance. O-acylation reaction of a vanillin-derived tetrahedral aldoxime with phthalic anhydride affords precise control over generations, branching degree, and nanomorphology of the crosslinkers. This controlled synthesis yields porous coral-like architecture, which in turn produces graded-branched epoxy CANs with enhanced free volume and steric confinement. Within the rigid constrained topology, the network containing spherically distributed oxime-ester motifs exhibits restricted dipolar relaxation and achieves low dielectric loss in GHz bands, while remaining acid-cleavable for closed-loop recycling at 80 °C. The resulting PCB exhibits a record-low dielectric constant/loss (2.02/0.005@10 GHz), 71.53% improved X-band impedance matching, a tensile strength of 256 MPa, and V-0 flame retardancy, alongside a 98.9% reduction in ecotoxicity after recycling. This work demonstrates how precision dendrimer synthesis and topology regulation can reconcile the tradeoff between circularity and high-frequency performance in sustainable electronics.

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Publication Details

Journal
Angewandte Chemie International Edition
Published
2025-10-18
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202518647
Citations
1
Primary Topic
Synthesis and properties of polymers
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.61
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article

Hyperbranched Oxime‐Ester Covalent Adaptive Network for Recyclable Ultralow‐Dielectric Epoxy

Tao Chen, Yuyan Wang, Xinxing Zhang, Xiaoyan Qiu et al.
1 citations
Angewandte Chemie International Edition
Synthesis and properties of polymers
0.61
article

Hyperbranched Oxime‐Ester Covalent Adaptive Network for Recyclable Ultralow‐Dielectric Epoxy

Tao Chen, Yuyan Wang, Xinxing Zhang, Xiaoyan Qiu, Zhangqin Yang, Bo Zhou
article en
1 citations

Abstract

Epoxy thermosets are indispensable in high-frequency (5G/6G) electronics, but their permanent crosslinks hinder recyclability and worsen e-waste. Although covalent adaptable networks (CANs) offer recyclability, their polar dynamic bonds exacerbate dielectric losses at gigahertz (GHz) bands due to dipolar relaxation. Here, we develop generation-tunable dendritic dynamic crosslinkers that yield recyclable epoxy-based printed circuit board (PCB) with ultralow dielectric performance. O-acylation reaction of a vanillin-derived tetrahedral aldoxime with phthalic anhydride affords precise control over generations, branching degree, and nanomorphology of the crosslinkers. This controlled synthesis yields porous coral-like architecture, which in turn produces graded-branched epoxy CANs with enhanced free volume and steric confinement. Within the rigid constrained topology, the network containing spherically distributed oxime-ester motifs exhibits restricted dipolar relaxation and achieves low dielectric loss in GHz bands, while remaining acid-cleavable for closed-loop recycling at 80 °C. The resulting PCB exhibits a record-low dielectric constant/loss (2.02/0.005@10 GHz), 71.53% improved X-band impedance matching, a tensile strength of 256 MPa, and V-0 flame retardancy, alongside a 98.9% reduction in ecotoxicity after recycling. This work demonstrates how precision dendrimer synthesis and topology regulation can reconcile the tradeoff between circularity and high-frequency performance in sustainable electronics.

Angewandte Chemie International EditionVol. 64(51)
Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN), Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research (DE), Ingenierie des Materiaux polymeres (FR), Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology (CN)
Openalex Percentile: Top 29%
Synthesis and properties of polymers
0.61
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