Managing supply chain uncertainty in the base of the pyramid (BoP) markets to enable the provision of essential products and services

Purpose Focuses on understanding and managing supply chain uncertainties for social enterprises providing essential products and services to the base of the pyramid markets. The research problem is viewed through a resource dependence lens, and the sources of supply chain uncertainties and buffering and bridging strategies are explored. These strategies help manage uncertainties in BoP markets and enable the provision of essential products and services. Design/methodology/approach Empirical data were obtained through interviews with nine social enterprises that provide essential products and services to BoP markets and supplemented with text analysis of 31 reports on inclusive businesses to provide insights into supply chain uncertainties and potential solutions to mitigate these uncertainties. Findings Drawing on resource dependence theory, this research uncovered five primary sources of supply chain uncertainty in BoP markets, aligning with demand and environmental uncertainties. Additionally, six buffering and bridging strategies were identified to manage these supply chain uncertainties, helping social enterprises mitigate the exposure or impact of uncertainty on their social and economic viability. Practical implications The findings provide specific strategies companies can employ to manage uncertainties in supply chains when serving BoP markets. This research also contributes to the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Originality/value Examines supply chain uncertainty in BoP markets, studies its implications on supply chain activities and proposes uncertainty management strategies.