Understanding heat exposure risks and adaptation behaviors among elderly Asian communities in New York City

Extreme heat exposure is a leading cause of climate-related illness and death in cities, with low-income older adults being particularly vulnerable. While outdoor air temperature is a key determinant of individual heat exposure, there is limited understanding of how personal attributes, the built environment, and adaptive behaviors influence personal heat exposure among low-income elderly individuals. From August to September 2023, we recruited 45 older Asian adults living in New York City to examine the impact of heat risk perception, climate change knowledge, home adaptation behaviors, and demographic and socioeconomic factors on individual heat exposure. Participants had an average age of 74.8 years (range: 63-89) and faced economic challenges, with 64% reporting an annual household income below USD 40,000. Limited financial resources, including low annual incomes and fixed retirement incomes, may contribute to the low use of air conditioning for cooling at home. The results also showed that personal heat exposure exceeded ambient heat exposure, particularly during nighttime. Age and outdoor air temperature were significant factors that increased personal heat exposure, while strong adaptive behaviors helped mitigate exposure. This pilot study underscores the need for targeted strategies to reduce personal heat exposure and vulnerability among this population. Efforts should focus on increasing access to affordable cooling options, expanding energy assistance programs, and promoting adaptive behaviors through community outreach and education.