Design and Development of an Energy Harvesting- Based Self-Powered Smart Helmet Using Solar, Thermal, and Wind Energy with Accident Detection and Airbag Deployment System for Enhanced Road Safety

This project presents an innovative energy-harvesting smart helmet designed to enhance both safety and sustainability for two-wheeler riders. The system generates and stores electrical energy from three different renewable sources integrated into the helmet—solar, thermal, and wind energy. A solar glass panel on the visor converts sunlight into electricity, while a thermoelectric generator (TEG) mounted on the top utilizes temperature differences through a heat- absorbing layer to produce power. Additionally, a compact air turbine with a mini generator at the front converts airflow during motion into electrical energy. The collected energy is regulated through capacitors and stored in a lithium-ion battery, which can also function as a power bank for external use. The stored power supports multiple safety and automation features. The helmet includes motion and distance sensors to detect accidents, automatically deploying three reusable airbags positioned at the front, right, and left sides in case of a severe impact. In critical situations, the system sends an emergency alert, including a call and GPS location, to registered contacts. The helmet also ensures rider compliance through a smart interlock mechanism—if the helmet is not worn, the vehicle ignition remains disabled, similar to a car’s lock–unlock system. Furthermore, an automatic red safety light activates during low-light conditions for better night visibility. .This multifunctional helmet not only ensures rider safety but also demonstrates an effective approach to self-powered safety systems, utilizing renewable energy to enhance the reliability and independence of protective gear for motorcyclists.