II.10 — Particle sources

The particle sources create the beam which will next be used in accelerators. The chapter proposes an introduction to particle sources physics and technology. It starts with basics on the beam emittance formation from particle sources and how to filter unwanted low energy beams prior to their acceleration to high energy. The next part proposes an introduction to the three existing electron sources types and their basics of physics: thermionic, field emission and photo-emission electron guns. The chapter continues with a short introduction to the exotic beam production, taking the example of positron sources. The last part is dedicated to ion sources. After a presentation of the physics processes used to produce positive and negative ions, the main different families of ion sources are shortly presented.