Numerical analysis of MHD boundary layer flow of Graphene–Alumina/kerosene hybrid nanofluid across a vertical plate

This research examines the flow and heat transfer of hybrid nanofluid over infinite vertical plates within porous media, considering the influences of radiative effects and magnetic fields. Hybrid nanofluid is prepared by suspending graphene (C₆H₆) and aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) nanoparticles in kerosene as a base fluid. Aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃) is a ceramic material that is used in various applications. The combination of graphene and aluminum oxide nanoparticles in kerosene is useful for applications including electronics cooling, thermal management systems, and heat exchangers. It is crucial to comprehend the flow and heat transfer properties of these hybrid nanofluids over vertical plates in porous media, particularly when they are subjected to magnetic fields and radiative influences, to maximize their performance in engineering systems. The current study analytically resolves controlling non-dimensional equations using the Laplace transform approach. Graphical representations illustrating the impact of various parameters on temperature, momentum, Nusselt number, skin friction, and spices concentration of the hybrid nanofluid were generated using MATLAB software. Temperature increases with higher radiation and time. Velocity remains constant for varying Pr and radiation parameters, rises with increasing Gr and Gm, and decreases with increasing magnetic field parameters. With an increase in Sc, the concentration profile falls. While the Nusselt number falls as values of the radiation parameter rise, the hybrid nanofluid’s local skin friction coefficient rises when the time, magnetic, and radiation factors increase.