The feasibility and impact of electric vehicle charging infrastructure in university campuses: A case study of UNISA Florida campus

The rapid adoption of electric vehicles necessitates comprehensive charging infrastructure development on university campuses. This study evaluates the technical, economic, and environmental feasibility of implementing EV charging infrastructure at the University of South Africa Florida Campus through advanced modeling and multi-criteria analysis. A hybrid simulation approach was employed using HOMER Pro for microgrid optimization, PVsyst for solar PV modeling, and Monte Carlo analysis for uncertainty assessment. Primary data from campus electrical systems and user surveys (n = 847) were integrated with national EV adoption projections and international best practices. Technical analysis indicates optimal deployment of 6 Level 2 charging stations (22 kW each) integrated with a 60 kW solar PV system and 150 kWh battery storage. Economic modeling demonstrates a Net Present Value of R2.3 million with an 11.2% Internal Rate of Return over 20 years. The solar-integrated solution achieves payback in 4.2 years compared to 6.8 years for grid-only alternatives. Monte Carlo simulation confirms 89% probability of positive NPV under varying utilization and cost scenarios. Environmental analysis reveals annual carbon emission reductions of 28.5 tons CO₂ (75% reduction compared to conventional vehicles), achieving 82% renewable energy fraction. The system provides quantifiable social benefits through enhanced campus sustainability profile and educational opportunities. Implementation is technically viable with strong economic returns and significant environmental benefits. The phased approach beginning with 4–6 charging stations provides risk mitigation while establishing foundation for campus-wide EV adoption supporting UNISA's sustainability framework.