An empirical study of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia citizens' intentions about the adoption of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles

• This study examines the key factors influencing the adoption of hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles (HFCVs) in Saudi Arabia. • Perceived benefits, barriers, public opinion, and government measures significantly impact HFCV adoption intentions. • Policy interventions are crucial for overcoming market barriers and stimulating investments in HFCVs. • Addressing infrastructure limitations and enhancing consumer knowledge are essential for promoting HFCV adoption. • The government should assemble stakeholders to address challenges and accelerate the development of hydrogen transportation systems. • Future research should explore dynamic factors such as policy changes, technological advancements, and market dynamics. • The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders working towards sustainable transportation in Saudi Arabia. A comprehensive understanding of consumer preferences and demand factors is essential for successfully implementing demand-side strategies for alternative energy solutions, such as hydrogen. This study aims to identify the key determinants influencing the adoption propensity for Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCVs) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Developing a conceptual framework to organise the key factors influencing consumers' decisions to adopt or reject this technology.Using data from an online survey of 384 prospective customers, we employed structural equation modelling (SEM) via Smart-PLS 4.1 to analyze consumer intent. The findings reveal that perceived benefits, barriers, opinions, and governmental initiatives have a significant impact on the likelihood of HFCV adoption. The study emphasises the significance of collaborative efforts among key stakeholders, including manufacturers, hydrogen producers, research institutions, and financial entities, in addressing challenges and advancing the development of the hydrogen transportation ecosystem in KSA. Financial incentives and subsidies, such as purchasing subsidies, awareness and reduced registration costs for HFCVs, may be instituted.